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Toxicity of Pesticides to Bees
Common name (ISO)   Examples of Brand names  Pesticide Class  length of residual toxicity   Comments  Bee toxicity 
propoxur Baygon Carbamate     highly toxic
carbofuran Furadan Carbamate 7 - 14 days   highly toxic
methomyl Lannate, Nudrin Carbamate 2 hours +   highly toxic
pirimicarb Pirimor, Aphox Carbamate     Relatively non-toxic
aldicarb Temik Carbamate   apply 4 weeks before bloom Relatively non-toxic
methiocarb Mesurol Carbamate     highly toxic
carbaryl Sevin,

(b) Sevin XLR

Carbamate 3 - 7 days

(b) 8 hours @ 1.5 lb/acre (168 g/Ha) or less.

Bees poisoned with carbaryl can take 2-3 days to die, appearing inactive as if cold. It allows them time to take contaminated nectar and pollen back to the colony. Some crops treated with Sevin under the wrong conditions (in bloom, using a dust formulation, with large numbers of bees in the field) have been responsible for disastrous kills. Sevin is one of the United States' most widely used insecticides for a wide variety of insect pests. It is also one of the most toxic to honey bees, in certain formulations. There are formulations, however, which are determined to be less toxic (see tables). Usually, applicator-beekeeper communication can effectively be used to adequately protect bees from Sevin poisoning. highly toxic
acephate Orthene Organophosphate 3 days   Moderately toxic
demeton-s-methyl Meta-systox Organophosphate     Moderately toxic
coumaphos Checkmite Organophosphate   This is an insecticide that is used inside the beehive to combat varroa mites and small hive beetles, which are parasites of the honey bee. Overdoses can lead to bee poisoning. Relatively non-toxic
trichlorfon Dylox, Dipterex Organophosphate   3 - 6 hours Relatively non-toxic
pyrazophos Afugan Organophosphate     highly toxic
monocrotophos Azodrin Organophosphate     highly toxic
fenthion Baytex Organophosphate     highly toxic
dicrotophos Bidrin Organophosphate     highly toxic
dimethoate Cygon, De-Fend Organophosphate 3 days banned in the US highly toxic
fensulfothion Dasanit Organophosphate     highly toxic
dichlorvos DDVP, Vapona Organophosphate     highly toxic
naled Dibrom Organophosphate 16 hours   highly toxic
chlorpyrifos Dursban, Lorsban Organophosphate   banned in the US for home and garden use highly toxic
fonofos Dyfonate EC Organophosphate 3 hours   highly toxic
tetrachlor- vinphos Gardona Organophosphate     highly toxic
azinphos-methyl Guthion, Methyl-Guthion Organophosphate 2.5 days   highly toxic
phosmet Imidan Organophosphate     highly toxic
malathion Malathion USB, ~ EC, Cythion Organophosphate >8 fl oz/acre (58 L/km²) ⇒ 5.5 days   highly toxic
oxydemeton methyl Metasystox-R Organophosphate <2 hours   highly toxic
methamidophos Monitor, Tameron Organophosphate     highly toxic
methyl parathion parathion Penncap-M Organophosphate 5-8 days By far the most potentially damaging pesticides for honey bees are those packaged in tiny capsules (microencapsulated). Microencapsulated methyl parathion (PennCap M), for example, is a liquid formulation containing capsules approximately the size of pollen grains which contain the active ingredient. When bees are out in the field, these capsules can become attached electrostatically to the pollen-collecting hairs of the insects, and at times are collected by design. When stored in pollen, the slow-release feature of the capsules allows the methyl parathion to be a potential killer for several months. At the present time, there is no way to detect whether bees are indeed poisoned by micro-encapsulated methyl parathion, so a beekeeper potentially could lose replacement bees for those already poisoned by the pesticide. It is, therefore, strongly recommended by experts that this formulation be used only when honey bee exposure is not a possibility. highly toxic
diazinon Spectracide Organophosphate     highly toxic
fenitrothion Sumithion Organophosphate     highly toxic
methidathion Supracide Organophosphate     highly toxic
phorate Thimet EC Organophosphate 5 hours   highly toxic
mevinphos Phosdrin Organophosphate     highly toxic
phosphamidon Dimecron Organophosphate     highly toxic
demeton Systox Organophosphate <2 hours   highly toxic
permethrin Ambush, Pounce Synthetic pyrethroid 1 - 2 days safened by repellency under arid conditions. Permethrin is also the active ingredient in insecticides used against the Small hive beetle, which is a parasite of the beehive in the temperate climate regions. highly toxic
cypermethrin Ammo Synthetic pyrethroid Less than 2 hours   highly toxic
esfenvalerate Asana, Pydrin Synthetic pyrethroid 1 day safened by repellency under arid conditions highly toxic
resmethrin   Synthetic pyrethroid     highly toxic
methoxychlor DMDT, Marlate Chlorinated cyclodiene 2 hours   highly toxic
endosulfan Thiodan Chlorinated cyclodiene 8 hours   moderately toxic
imidacloprid Confidor, Gaucho, acetamiprid, clothianidin, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, Kohinor, Admire, Advantage, Merit, Confidor, Hachikusan, Premise, Prothor, Winner Neonicotinoid   more info on imidacloprid! highly toxic
mexacarbate Zectran     highly toxic  
dicofol   Acaricide     Relatively non-toxic
petroleum oils         Relatively non-toxic
2,4-D Dichloro phenoxyacetic acid   Synthetic auxin herbicide     Relatively non-toxic

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